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Nutritional Methods

The EPIC-Norfolk Study

Nutritional methods publications

Nutritional methods

  • Bingham SA, Welch AA, McTaggart A, et al. (2001) Nutritional methods in the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer in Norfolk. Public Health Nutr. 4, 847–58. PMID: 11415493. DOI: 10.1079/phn2000102
  • Bingham S, Cassidy A, Cole T, Welch A, Runswick S, Black AE, Thurnham D, Bates C, Khaw KT and Day, NE (1995). Validation of weighed records and other methods of dietary assessment using the 24 h urine nitrogen technique and other biological markers. B J Nut 73 (531-550). PMID: 7794870. DOI: 10.1079/bjn19950057
  • Bingham SA, Gill C, Welch A, Day K, Cassidy A, Khaw K T, Sneyd MJ, Key TJA, Roe L and Day NE. (1994) Comparison of dietary assessment methods in nutritional epidemiology: weighed records v. 24h recalls, food frequency questionnaires and estimated diet records. B J Nut 72 (619-642). PMID: 7986792. DOI: 10.1079/bjn19940064
  • Lentjes MAH, McTaggart A, Mulligan AA, et al. (2014) Dietary intake measurement using 7 d diet diaries in British men and women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk study: a focus on methodological issues. Br. J. Nutr. 111, 516–26. PMID: 24041116. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114513002754
  • Lentjes MAH, Bhaniani A, Mulligan AA, et al. (2011) Developing a database of vitamin and mineral supplements (ViMiS) for the Norfolk arm of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk). Public Health Nutr. 14, 459–71. PMID: 21083969. DOI: 10.1017/S1368980010002867
  • McKeown, N.M, Welch, A.M., Runswick, S.A., Luben, R., Mulligan, A.,McTaggart, A., Day, N.E., Bingham, S.A (2001) The use of biological markers to validate self reported dietary intake in a random sample of the European Prospective Investigation into cancer (EPIC) UK Norfolk Cohort. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 74 (188-96). PMID: 11470719. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/74.2.188
  • NE Day, N McKeown, MY Wong, A Welch, and S Bingham Epidemiological assessment of diet: a comparison of a 7-day diary with a food frequency questionnaire using urinary markers of nitrogen, potassium and sodium. Int.J. Epidemiol. 2001 30: 309-317. PMID: 11369735. DOI: 10.1093/ije/30.2.309
  • Mulligan AA, Luben RN, Bhaniani A, et al. (2014) A new tool for converting food frequency questionnaire data into nutrient and food group values: FETA research methods and availability. BMJ Open 4, e004503. PMID: 24674997. PMCID: PMC3975761. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004503
  • Welch AA, McTaggart A, Mulligan AA, et al. (2001) DINER (Data Into Nutrients for Epidemiological Research) – a new data-entry program for nutritional analysis in the EPIC-Norfolk cohort and the 7-day diary method. Public Heal. Nutr 4, 1253–1265. PMID: 11796089. DOI: 10.1079/phn2001196

CAFE and FETA

  • Mulligan AA, Luben RN, Bhaniani A, et al. (2014) A new tool for converting food frequency questionnaire data into nutrient and food group values: FETA research methods and availability. BMJ Open 4, e004503. PMID: 24674997. PMCID: PMC3975761. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004503
  • Welch AA, Luben R, Khaw KT, et al. (2005) The CAFE computer program for nutritional analysis of the EPIC-Norfolk food frequency questionnaire and identification of extreme nutrient values. J Hum Nutr Diet 18, 99–116. PMID: 1578801. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277X.2005.00593.x

Sources of nutrient data

  • Holland B, Unwin ID, Buss DH (1988). Cereals and cereal products. Third supplement to McCance and Widdowson’s The Composition of Foods, 4th ed. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.
  • Holland B, Unwin ID, Buss DH (1989). Milk products and eggs. Fourth supplement to McCance and Widdowson’s The Composition of Foods, 4th ed. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.
  • Holland B, Welch AA, Unwin ID, Buss DH, Paul AA, Southgate DAT (1991). McCance and Widdowson’s The Composition of Foods, 5th ed. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.
  • Holland B, Unwin ID, Buss DH (1991). Vegetables, herbs and spices. Fifth supplement to McCance and Widdowson’s The Composition of Foods, 4th ed. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.
  • Holland B, Unwin ID, Buss DH (1992). Fruit and nuts. First supplement to McCance and Widdowson’s The Composition of Foods, 5th ed. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.
  • Holland B, Welch AA, Buss DH (1992). Vegetable dishes. Second supplement to McCance and Widdowson’s The Composition of Foods, 5th ed. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.
  • Holland B, Brown JB, Buss DH (1993). Fish and fish products. Third supplement to McCance and Widdowson’s The Composition of Foods, 5th ed. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.
  • Chan W, Brown JB, Buss DH (1994). Miscellaneous foods. Fourth supplement to McCance and Widdowson’s The Composition of Foods, 5th ed. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.
  • Chan W, Brown J, Lee SM, Buss DH (1995). Meat, poultry and game. Fifth supplement to McCance and Widdowson’s The Composition of Foods, 5th ed. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.
  • Chan W, Brown J, Church SM, Buss DH (1996). Meat products and dishes. Sixth supplement to McCance and Widdowson’s The Composition of Foods, 5th ed. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.

DINER & DINERMO

  • Lentjes MAH, McTaggart A, Mulligan AA, et al. (2014) Dietary intake measurement using 7 d diet diaries in British men and women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk study: a focus on methodological issues. Br. J. Nutr. 111, 516–26. PMID: 24041116. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114513002754
  • Welch AA, McTaggart A, Mulligan AA, et al. (2001) DINER (Data Into Nutrients for Epidemiological Research) – a new data-entry program for nutritional analysis in the EPIC-Norfolk cohort and the 7-day diary method. Public Heal. Nutr 4, 1253–1265. PMID: 11796089. DOI: 10.1079/phn2001196

ViMiS programs and validation

  • Lentjes MAH, Mulligan AA, Welch AA, Bhaniani A, Luben RN, Khaw KT. (2015) Contribution of cod liver oil-related nutrients (vitamins A, D, E and eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) to daily nutrient intake and their associations with plasma concentrations in the EPIC-Norfolk cohort. J Hum Nutr Diet. 28(6):568-582. PMID: 25228113. PMCID: PMC4657496. DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12271
  • Lentjes MAH, Bhaniani A, Mulligan AA, et al. (2011) Developing a database of vitamin and mineral supplements (ViMiS) for the Norfolk arm of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC-Norfolk). Public Health Nutr. 14, 459–71. PMID: 21083969. DOI: 10.1017/S1368980010002867

Validation

  • A. E. Black, A. A. Welch, S. A. Bingham. (2000) Validation of dietary intakes measured by diet history against 24 h urinary nitrogen excretion and energy expenditure measured by the doubly-labelled water method in middle-aged women. Br J Nutr Apr 83 (4):341-354. PMID: 10858692. DOI: 10.1017/s0007114500000441
  • S. A. Bingham, J. H. Cummings. (1985) Urine nitrogen as an independent validatory measure of dietary intake: a study of nitrogen balance in individuals consuming their normal diet. Am J Clin Nutr Dec 42 (6):1276-1289. PMID: 4072961. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/42.6.1276
  • S. A. Bingham, R. Williams, T. J. Cole, C. P. Price, J. H. Cummings. (1988) Reference values for analytes of 24-h urine collections known to be complete. Ann Clin Biochem Nov 25 ( Pt 6):610-619. PMID: 3267076. DOI: 10.1177/000456328802500603
  • S. A. Bingham. (1994) The use of 24-h urine samples and energy expenditure to validate dietary assessments. Am J Clin Nutr Jan 59 (1 Suppl):227S-231S. PMID: 8279431. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/59.1.227S
  • S. A. Bingham, C. Gill, A. Welch, K. Day, A. Cassidy, K. T. Khaw, M. J. Sneyd, T. J. Key, L. Roe, N. E. Day. (1994) Comparison of dietary assessment methods in nutritional epidemiology: weighed records v. 24 h recalls, food-frequency questionnaires and estimated-diet records. Br J Nutr Oct 72 (4):619-643. PMID: 7986792. DOI: 10.1079/bjn19940064
  • S. A. Bingham, A. Cassidy, T. J. Cole, A. Welch, S. A. Runswick, A. E. Black, D. Thurnham, C. Bates, K. T. Khaw, T. J. Key. (1995) Validation of weighed records and other methods of dietary assessment using the 24 h urine nitrogen technique and other biological markers. Br J Nutr Apr 73 (4):531-550. PMID: 7794870. DOI: 10.1079/bjn19950057
  • S. A. Bingham, C. Gill, A. Welch, A. Cassidy, S. A. Runswick, S. Oakes, R. Lubin, D. I. Thurnham, T. J. Key, L. Roe, K. T. Khaw, N. E. Day. (1997) Validation of dietary assessment methods in the UK arm of EPIC using weighed records, and 24-hour urinary nitrogen and potassium and serum vitamin C and carotenoids as biomarkers. Int J Epidemiol 26 Suppl 1 ():S137-S151. PMID: 9126542. DOI: 10.1093/ije/26.suppl_1.s137
  • S. A. Bingham, N. E. Day. (1997) Using biochemical markers to assess the validity of prospective dietary assessment methods and the effect of energy adjustment. Am J Clin Nutr Apr 65 (4 Suppl):1130S-1137S. PMID: 9094909. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/65.4.1130S
  • N. Day, N. McKeown, M. Wong, A. Welch, S. Bingham. (2001) Epidemiological assessment of diet: a comparison of a 7-day diary with a food frequency questionnaire using urinary markers of nitrogen, potassium and sodium. Int J Epidemiol Apr 30 (2):309-317. PMID: 11369735. DOI: 10.1093/ije/30.2.309
  • N. M. McKeown, N. E. Day, A. A. Welch, S. A. Runswick, R. N. Luben, A. A. Mulligan, A. McTaggart, S. A. Bingham. (2001) Use of biological markers to validate self-reported dietary intake in a random sample of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer United Kingdom Norfolk cohort. Am J Clin Nutr Aug 74 (2):188-196. PMID: 11470719. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/74.2.188

Calibration

  • S. Crispim, G. Nicolas, C. Casagrande, V. Knaze, A. Illner, I. Huybrechts, N. Slimani. (2014). Quality assurance of the international computerised 24 h dietary recall method (EPIC-Soft). British Journal of Nutrition, 111(3), 506-515. PMID: 24001201. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114513002766
  • G. Deharveng, U. R. Charrondiere, N. Slimani, D. A. Southgate, E. Riboli. (1999) Comparison of nutrients in the food composition tables available in the nine European countries participating in EPIC. European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Eur J Clin Nutr Jan 53 (1):60-79. PMID: 10048800. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600677
  • N. Slimani, P. Ferrari, M. Ocke, A. Welch, H. Boeing, M. Liere, V. Pala, P. Amiano, A. Lagiou, I. Mattisson, C. Stripp, D. Engeset, R. Charrondiere, M. Buzzard, W. Staveren, E. Riboli. (2000) Standardization of the 24-hour diet recall calibration method used in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC): general concepts and preliminary results. Eur J Clin Nutr Dec 54 (12):900-917. PMID: 11114689. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601107
  • N. Slimani, G. Deharveng, R. U. Charrondiere, A. L. van Kappel, M. C. Ocke, A. Welch, A. Lagiou, M. van Liere, A. Agudo, V. Pala, B. Brandstetter, C. Andren, C. Stripp, W. A. van Staveren, E. Riboli. (1999) Structure of the standardized computerized 24-h diet recall interview used as reference method in the 22 centers participating in the EPIC project. European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Comput Methods Programs Biomed Mar 58 (3):251-266. PMID: 10094230. DOI: 10.1016/s0169-2607(98)00088-1
  • S. Voss, U. R. Charrondiere, N. Slimani, A. Kroke, E. Riboli, J. Wahrendorf, H. Boeing. (1998) EPIC-SOFT a European computer program for 24-hour dietary protocols. Z Ernahrungswiss Sep 37 (3):227-233. PMID: 9800313. DOI: 10.1007/s003940050021

Study at Cambridge

About the University

Research at Cambridge